The Social Implications of Energy Return

The energy returns that fuels offer have broad social and economic implications, as does their decline. This article offers readers a background on energy return as a measure of a fuel’s production efficiency, and explores the metric’s broader social and economic significance. 

The Ghosts of Shoppers Past: why assumptions matter

Regeneration’ is one of those terms that is like motherhood and apple pie. Everyone wants regeneration, right? You’d be mad not to, surely. Yet all too often regeneration is about sweeping away the economy of local independent businesses and replacing it with big chains and brands. I’m sure if I found old photos of the centre of Manchester before it was ‘regenerated’ there would be a dazzling variety of independent businesses there, all now long gone or shunted out to the edge of the city.