Clam shells show how North Atlantic ‘tipped’ into Little Ice Age
To identify those components of the Earth system that might exhibit tipping behaviour in the future, we can look for abrupt changes in the past.
tipping points
What roles for markets and for the state when climate risk is existential?
The climate policymaking orthodoxy is that markets can efficiently price and mitigate climate risks, but this blog argues that when risks are existential — that is, a permanent and drastic curtailing of human civilisation’s future development — then the damages are beyond calculation.