1. Prices and production
Crude prices started the week with the January contract touching $49 on Monday on prospects for an OPEC production cut and closed out the week trading as low as $32 a barrel due to a shortage of storage space for the expiring contracts. Oil prices were rather confused last week as the futures market is in “contango” with later months trading for higher and higher prices. Oil for delivery 5 years from now and beyond, for example, is trading up in the $70 range.
For days prior to OPEC’s meeting in Oran on Wednesday, numerous spokesmen emphasized that a “surprisingly sizeable” cut would be made. Moscow even chimed in by talking about a production cut of up to 300,000 b/d. When the actual OPEC cut of 2.2 million b/d was announced and with no new cuts from Russia for now, the oil markets were underwhelmed. Oil prices fell for three days, finally stabilizing on Friday after the January contract expired.
OPEC is now aiming to cut production by 4.2 million b/d from September’s production total of 29.0 million b/d. Only 900,000 b/d of this cut is scheduled to come from Venezuela and Iran, the two countries in the most desperate economic straits and the most likely to evade their quotas. This is still a sizeable cut even if only the Gulf Arab states adhere strictly to their targets. Venezuela, however, has already announced a production cut of 189,000 b/d. This is a good start on its cut-quota of 350,000 b/d and an indication that more of a cut may actually be made this time.
The oil markets still appear seized with the idea that the worldwide demand for oil continues to drop rapidly. Traders cite the buildup in US and OECD crude inventories and note that the major oil companies are planning to store 50 million barrels onboard supertankers due to excess production and the lack of conventional storage space.
While US consumption is down by about a million b/d and demand in China and Japan is down too, there are signs that the decline could be stabilizing due to the relatively low product prices. China has just made cuts of 14 and 18 percent in the price of gasoline and diesel fuel respectively, which will stimulate demand. The hundreds of poorer countries and small islands that were in desperate situations last summer with oil at $140 a barrel should now be able to afford oil again.
The latest official production estimates and forecasts from the IEA say that worldwide demand for oil in 2008 will shrink, but only by 200,000 b/d. The Agency now projects that the “call on OPEC” for 2009 will only be about 800,000 b/d below 2008. There are obviously major discrepancies among the market pricing of oil, the 4 million b/d production cuts planned by OPEC, and IEA forecasts for demand next year.
2. OPEC may meet in January
After touting for weeks the “sizeable” production cuts that would drive oil prices back to appropriate levels, OPEC officials were obviously disappointed by the immediate results of the Oran meeting. With the February oil futures contract trading as high as $54 just before the meeting and closing the week at $42.36, the announcement clearly did not deliver the desired results.
Officials strived to put a good face on the market responses, reiterating that a 2.2 million barrel cut was enough to balance the market and that it will be necessary to wait until January 1st , when the cuts become effective to see results from actions taken. OPEC’s Secretary General El-Badari indicated that the cartel had about 60 percent compliance with the October 1.5 million b/d cut during November.
On Friday, OPEC’s President Chakib Khelil told reporters at an energy conference in London that the cartel will continue to cut production as much as necessary to stabilize prices. Khelil indicated that OPEC still believes the demand for oil will continue to fall and that the group may meet in Kuwait on January 19th to discuss further production cuts.
3. Investment
Alarms continued to sound around the world last week bemoaning the sudden drop in oil exploration and production. Active drilling rigs in the US have fallen to 1,790 – down 12 percent from September. Industry analysts expect that hundreds more rigs will be idled by summer and that there could be a total drop of as many as 1000 rigs or a 50 percent decline during 2009 from the September 2008 peak.
In Alberta, Connacher Oil and Gas announced that it was cutting production from its oil sands project nearly in half because current prices for bitumen could not cover the costs of existing production. Other oil sands producers are expected to follow if prices do not revive. Shell, however, expressed the hope that production and engineering costs for oil sands projects will drop soon and that it is waiting for the opportune time to revive new projects that were put on hold last month.
At the LNG summit in Barcelona, speakers grappled with the issue of whether very expensive investments in LNG terminals continue to make sense in face of the economic downturn. There will be a 50 percent growth in world LNG production capacity during the next three years, but after that there could be a supply crunch as investment is scaled back.
Saudi Oil Minister Naimi warned on Friday that plunging crude prices coupled with the world’s financial problems will harm the long term health of the industry. “Today’s price levels are wreaking havoc on the industry and threatening current and planned investments,” Naimi told the London conference of producers and consumers that was a follow-up to the one held in Jeddah during the height of the oil price spike last summer. The oil industry’s change in focus over the last six months is striking.
4. The IEA sets a date
In the IEA’s annual report, “The World Energy Outlook 2008”, the agency says that “although global oil production in total is not expected to peak before 2030, production of conventional oil…is projected to level off towards the end of the projection period.” This rather cryptic formulation, which sounds a lot like a compromise between factions in the IEA, says that at some date between now and 2030 world oil production will peak, but not to worry because the difference will be made up by increasing production of natural gas liquids, ethanol, and heavy oil.
When Fatih Birol, the IEA’s chief economist, was interviewed by the Guardian newspaper last week he was pressed to explain just what “level off towards the end of the projection period” actually means. To the astonishment of the interviewer, the answer came back as 2020 – only 11 years from now. For an Agency that has steadfastly maintained that there was plenty of oil to keep on increasing production for the foreseeable future, this admission caps the turnaround that came with the publication of this year’s Energy Outlook. In that publication, the agency says new research shows that oil production from the world’s existing oil fields may be declining at 6.7 percent a year rather than the 3.7 percent rate previously estimated.
The impact of this admission on government policy has yet to been seen. Many believe that a 2020 date for the plateauing of world oil production is far too optimistic and that a more realistic time frame is between 2010 and 2013 if it has not come already due to the economic slowdown. The next shoe to fall in the general recognition of imminent peak oil may be at the US’s EIA which will be changing leadership in about a month.
5. Briefs (clips from recent Peak Oil News dailies are indicated by date and item #)
- Delays in energy investments could curb future global fuel supplies by the equivalent of 4 million b/d within the next five years, according to Peter Jackson, Cambridge Energy Research Associates. As scores of small wells are shut down, analysts have calculated that oil production in North America could decline by 1.3 million barrels a day through 2010, or 17 percent, to 6.14 million barrels a day. (12/16, #6)
- Oppenheimer & Co. senior oil analyst Fadel Gheit estimates world oil supply is likely to drop by three million to five million barrels a day in 2009, due to OPEC cuts and smaller companies slashing production, compared with a decline of just one million to two million barrels a day in global oil demand. This scenario of overtightening supply relative to demand would reduce global oil inventories a record 10% to 30%, pushing crude prices significantly higher later in 2009, Mr. Gheit said.(12/15, #4)
- Oil companies have begun cutting spending nearly across the board. A survey by Barclays Capital found 2009 capital budgets were 12% lower than 2008 spending plans, and some believe they might head lower. Budgets in the U.S. and Canada are being cut the most, as projects in the high-cost oil-sands and unconventional natural-gas fields now make less economic sense. (12/20, #7)
- Russia would come under crippling financial pressure and may need to raise money abroad if oil stays at an average of $30 a barrel over the next two years, the World Bank predicted Friday. The bleak scenario would mark a rapid unraveling of Russia’s oil-fueled economic gains over the past eight years. (12/20, #13)
- Because Russia’s oil output is falling due to underinvestment, Russia already is, in effect, helping OPEC without actually turning off any taps. Any reduction from Russia, depending on the size, could simply be repackaging naturally declining output as a “cut.” (12/15, #4)
- A survey of 200 oil and gas companies shows the oil price required to allow new oil projects to break even has climbed from about $18 US per barrel in 1999 to $60 in 2007 and an estimated $62 now…In addition to jeopardizing future conventional oil projects, oil at $45/barrel makes new tar sands production uneconomic, has the same effect on biofuels, and discourages development of more fuel efficient vehicles. (12/20, #14)
- Iran’s oil minister said he considered the “real price” for a barrel of crude should be more than $100. Saudi Arabia has said $75 a barrel was a fair price, comments echoed by an Iranian official this month. Other OPEC officials have said OPEC states needed $70 to $80 a barrel. (12/15, #9)
- Last week Iran’s President Ahmadinejad acknowledged for the first time that due to low oil prices the Government will have to cut spending and subsidies for food and fuel, as well as raise taxes. (12/20, #10)
- Toyota could report its first annual operating loss in 71 years and may issue a profit warning at a scheduled year-end news conference on Monday. (12/19, #9)
- BP today announced that it has successfully started production from the third and fourth wells at the Thunder Horse field with production now in excess of 200,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. BP plans to start up additional production from the Thunder Horse North field in the first half of 2009. (12/19, #13)
- John Holdren, currently a Harvard University physicist, has been selected as President-elect’s Science Advisor. Holdren has said recently that the world is not running out of energy and that even “peak oil” is debatable. (12/19, #14)
- A coalition of 14 companies announced the creation of a new business alliance aimed at promoting domestic production of lithium ion batteries. Automakers hope to use the batteries in next-generation hybrids as well as plug-in electric cars. (12/19, #16)
- Recent analysis by the EIA projects virtually no growth in US petroleum use through the year 2030 because of wider use of ethanol and biodiesel and a push toward greater automobile fuel efficiency. The reversal began this year with US petroleum use declining by a million barrels a day compared with 2007. (12/18, #4)
- Nepal’s government declared a national power emergency and said consumers will face electricity cuts of as much as 16 hours a day. (12/18, #8)
- Facing poor returns for producing gasoline, Valero Energy Corp. reduced gasoline production at 10 U.S. refineries. (12/18, #10)
- Gazprom said it would cut Ukraine off from gas supplies starting in January as Kiev could only pay $800 million in gas arrears before the end of the year. (12/18, #12)
- Speaking in 2004, incoming Energy Secretary Chu said he expected world oil supplies to plateau within ten to forty years. The International Energy Agency, the voice of the global energy establishment, announced last week that it expects peak oil to arrive by 2020, while outside analysts believe it will come much sooner, if it hasn’t already arrived. (12/18, #14)
- The United States will not be able to meet the mandate to use 36 billion gallons of biofuels by 2022, reported the U.S. Energy Information Administration Wednesday. (12/18, #15)
- International oil companies operating in Nigeria said that if cases of insecurity should continue in the oil and gas producing zones, they may be forced to stop the production and supply of gas. (12/17, #9)
- Expanding its output of lower-emission fuel, Exxon Mobil Corp. said it would spend more than $1 billion to increase diesel production at two US refineries and a third in Belgium. Exxon sees a growing market for diesel, which provides better fuel economy than gasoline and therefore emits less carbon dioxide for each mile driven. (12/17, #13)
- A national energy council should be established in the US to develop a 50-year energy strategy, with the council developing benchmarks to monitor progress and making regular public reports, said energy economist Joseph Stanislaw. (123/17, #14)
- Average global total liquid fuels production in 2007 was 85.41 million b/d according to the IEA. In 2008, an average of 86.73 million b/d has been produced from January to November, an increase of 1.5% over 2007. (12/17, #16)
- Venezuela’s PdVSA, which has served as the sole engine of growth for Venezuela’s economy, now faces one of its biggest challenges since President Hugo Chavez took office: keeping up production with less money and funding the spending of a bloated government. (12/16, #11)
- Some Chinese economists think the November statistics show their economy may have bottomed under the influence of the global financial crisis, and that the fourth quarter of this year and first two quarters of next year may see low economic growth, with a rebound for the economy from the third quarter of 2009. (12/16, #13)
- Proved reserve reductions: Many companies will likely be forced to declare that big chunks of their oil and gas reserves are uneconomic at today’s low oil prices. Smaller companies that rely on their reserves as collateral on their credit lines from banks could find their available credit shrinking along with the value of their booked reserves. (12/16, #8)
Quote of the Week
“I find little reason for optimism regarding the market’s ability to provide a coherent oil price signal reflecting future scarcity of this precious non-renewableresource.” (12/20, #14)— Dave Cohen, energy writer
