Whatever Happened to Peak Oil in Director McNutt’s Talk, “Whatever Happened to Peak Oil”?
On Feb. 6th, Dr. Marcia McNutt, Director of the US Geological Survey, delivered a lecture at Indiana University entitled “US Energy Outlook: Whatever Happened to ‘Peak Oil?’” According to the press release announcing this talk,
“Not so many years ago, the public heard much concern that the nation, and the globe, had or was about to reach the point of peak oil production and would be on a downward trajectory due to declining resources. The current fact is that despite growing demand for energy, fossil fuel resources have never been higher.” 1
Today the price of gasoline in the United States stands at an all-time high for this time of year2. This fact is enough to make a reasonable person wonder whether there might be some problems with Dr. McNutt’s thesis. And indeed there are.
One problem is that “fossil fuel resources” and “oil” are not the same thing. There are two major fossil fuels in addition to petroleum: coal and natural gas. While coal and natural gas are indeed — at the moment – relatively abundant, Director McNutt herself observed that the three fossil fuels are not easily substitutable or fungible. You can’t shovel coal into your gas tank, and almost none of us own cars that can run on natural gas.
This admission alone significantly undermined Dr. McNutt’s principle assertion, but there is more. The main problem with Dr. McNutt’s talk is that it was based on a critical evasion. “Peak oil” is not simply about the resource base – it’s about the flow rate of petroleum. It’s about the amount of oil that is delivered to market in a given year. It is defined as the peak of global production3. But curiously, Director McNutt failed to even address production in her presentation.
After the conclusion of Dr. McNutt’s prepared remarks, a questioner – an undergraduate student – observed that she had avoided the very topic that she had supposedly come to address. The student referred to a recent paper in the premier scientific journal Nature that had noted that, despite volatile but mostly historically high prices, global oil production has been virtually stagnant for the past six years4. The Nature article’s title, “Oil’s Tipping Point,” suggests that in fact the world has already reached peak petroleum production – peak oil.
Director McNutt could not effectively respond to the student’s question, finally stating that he was asking about an “economic” phenomenon, and that as a scientist she was not qualified to speak about it5. This was a shocking evasion. Clearly the intent of her talk was to reassure the audience that peak oil was not an imminent problem, but somehow we did not feel reassured.
Questioner: (refering to Nature article): “You didn’t really address peak oil…production has plateaued since 2005…”
Director McNutt: Yeah, I know the article you’re talking about. OK, um, yeah, that’s production…production is not reserves… you know production is…you know…production is what… production plateaus because people want to keep the prices where they are…you know…It’s… um… it doesn’t… it’s not responding to supply and demand for a bunch of very good reasons, that um…ah…that… you’re getting into the economics of it. And all I want to talk about is the science of where the reserves are.
That’s…that’s economic theory, and I’m not qualified to discuss the economic theory. All I am showing you are the reserves…. what’s in the ground… what’s in place….
(Indiana Geology Department) Chair Pratt: On that wonderfully kind of edgy note… (presentation concludes).
Dr. McNutt’s first slide purported to show that the world has plenty of oil reserves6, but how reliable are the estimates of those reserves that Director McNutt would have us believe are at the ready? Surprisingly the answer was again provided by Director McNutt herself when she admitted, later in her talk, that fully 90% of the world’s “proven oil reserves” are un-audited. Those supposed reserves are controlled by national oil companies, and there is simply no way to confirm whether the data published by such companies is reliable.
The subject of the size of the world’s oil reserves was the focus of a recent article of a recent article in the journal Energy Policy by Sir David King7, the former chief scientist of the British government. King concluded that almost one third of the world’s “reserves” probably do not even exist. Perhaps that is why a former vice president of Saudi Aramco (the Saudi national oil company) stated that the U.S. government’s forecast of future of oil production is a dangerous overestimate8.
Director McNutt’s evasions suggest the truth of a recent comment by the nation’s first Secretary of Energy, James Schlesinger: “The peak oil debate is over… the peakists have won.”9 More ominously, it suggests that officials in positions of national responsibility cannot or will not level with the public. Oil is indeed a precious commodity, but false reassurances that “all is well” threaten to deprive us of other precious commodities: the time and the will to begin the necessary adaptation to oil’s increasing scarcity before it is too late to avoid a major crisis.
Notes
1. http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/20996.html
2. http://www.cnbc.com/id/46439046/Gas_prices_are_highest_ever_for_this_tim…
3. http://energybulletin.net/primer
4. Climate policy: Oil’s tipping point has passed. Nature 481, 433-435. January 26, 2012.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7382/full/481433a.html [behind a paywall]
5. http://bloomington.in.gov/media/media/audio/mpeg/11316.mp3
6. http://bloomington.in.gov/peakoil
7. The status of conventional world oil reserves—Hype or cause for concern?. Energy Policy 38 (8): 4743–4749.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510001072 [behind a paywall]
8. http://www.peakoil.net/Channel4.html
9. http://www.davidstrahan.com/blog/?p=42
Addendum
In an email message, co-author Dave Rollo added:
Our piece is relatively short, and there is much more to be said about Director McNutt’s talk.
For instance, she relies heavily on pointing to gas production from tight shales, she infers that the Bakken may be some panacea – with a 3.6 bbls of recoverable reserves (less than 40 days of total world production, if memory serves), and she could not answer the EROEI question (from yours truly) regarding unconventionals.
She went on to say (after the first question by a physicist, Ben Brabson) that M.K. Hubbert, although correct about U.S. peak oil retracted his theory at the end of his life(!). I know of no such retraction, but this is worth a harder look.
The auditorium where she spoke drew about 350 people – but several faculty, as I said, came to Gary and I afterward to exclaim and confirm our view that she had wholly avoided the topic.
I was proud of that undergrad who was quite persistent. I had given a peak oil talk in his class that morning, and challenged the students to get empirical, and be of critical mind. Indeed he was.
It is a very weak talk, given the topic, and I would love to have geologists examine it.
It is interesting to note that at the federal level, the response has been non-engagement on the topic of peak oil, to date. The fact that the Director of the USGS comes to a research one university to give a talk on peak oil, and then evaded the topic, is to me an admission that the powers that be cannot engage the topic. If they did, it would be clear that they are out on a limb.
I encountered a similar experience in Washington, DC, a couple of years ago. I was sent by our former congressman, Baron Hill to a White House meeting. Gary Locke, Stephen Chu and Jane Lubchenko presented on energy, the environment, and economic competitiveness. When the peak oil topic came up, they were evasive and mostly silent.
I wonder if the folks at ASP0-USA have gotten anywhere, or experience the same treatment.
Note that I asked Director McNutt to photograph her slides and record her talk. She consented. Furthermore, I had our council office contact the USGS to obtain permission to post, and they too, provided permission.
About the authors
Gary Charbonneau is Systems Librarian at Indiana University Libraries in Bloomington and a member of the Libraries’ Green Team. He has been “peak oil aware” since the oil shocks of the 1970s.” He has run for local office and is a member of Bloomington’s Peak Oil Taskforce.]
Dave Rollo received a Bachelor of Science in Biology at Michigan State University, and a Master’s degree in Plant Sciences from Indiana University. Since 1995, Dave has worked as a Research Associate in the IU Department of Biology, working on a variety of projects in molecular and microbiology.
He is currently collaborating with a group of laboratories to establish the components for a photosynthetic fuel cell for hydrogen energy production.
He was elected to the Bloomington City Council in January 2003, where he served as Council President in 2007. He has also served on a number of city boards and commissions, including The Environmental Commission and the Sustainability Commission.
He co-founded Bloomingpeak, a local peak oil awareness group in 2005 and is chair of the Bloomington Peak Oil Task Force.
